Don Pedro's®     Steven Jones, IDPOA

Who Can be a DPO ?

( Guest Author Steven Jones )

This article covers the work experience needed to train and successfully work as a DPO.
It also highlights current problems and some possible future solutions.

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Last up-dated: Feb. 02, 2010
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Who can be a DPO ?

Type the words dynamic positioning into Google, and around 1,400,000 page options appear, now add "operators" to your query and miraculously the range diminishes to around 150,000. All well and good you might say, but what does it mean?

Well it suggests that there is a wealth of information out there about the mechanics and equipment used for Dynamic Positioning ( DP ) and position referencing, but rather less is known ( or written ) about the people who operate the kit, and who bring it all together, the Dynamic Positioning Operator's (DPOs).

When there is a shortage of information, there is a natural tendency for gaps in knowledge to develop, and rumour and hearsay are left to fill the void. And of course the fewer the facts, the stronger the opinion.

There is clearly confusion about the DPO job, position and role. Rumours abound, and those who are susceptible to a good tale quite fancy a high earning role at sea - they hear what they want hear and take it as an invitation to pitch up and do DP. The most frequently held views seem to have it that even the ships cook can be DPO or that IT "geeks" make perfect DPOs, based simply on an understanding of computers and communications.

Put very simply the question is, "who can become a DPO" ? Is an understanding of the ship and its performance still more important today than understanding the computer chip and its processes? Unfortunately the world of DP has become something of the new "snake oil", with rumours, myths, lies and half truths in circulation. Here we will try to counter some, while explaining the background to others, hopefully arriving at something approaching the real state of play. As is the norm with shipping, simple answers to seemingly straightforward questions are seldom found.

What is Required of a DPO ?

According to IMCA's careers guide, "I want to be a...DPO", DPOs will typically start out as watchkeeping deck officers. However, they stress that "given appropriate supervision, other appropriate personnel can aspire to the position". They state that,"Senior DPOs are always watchkeeping officers".

The phrasing "aspire to the position" is a strange one, and open to interpretation, also it does little to clarify the situation. As a starting point, therefore, we shall try and base our views on the industry recognised DP qualification, the Nautical Institute (NI) Dynamic Positioning Operators certificate.

DPO Training

The NI DP training scheme is split into phases, taking in both onboard and shorebased training. Trainee DPO's following the scheme attend accredited training centres ( there are currently around 55 worldwide ), and then spend blocks of time onboard ( hopefully actually on the DP desk ), working through the tasks set out in the NI logbook, they are then assessed by their Master. See for a full breakdown of the course, the phases of study and the requirements for Limited and Unlimited certificates on the varying classes of DP vessels ( Class 1, 2 or 3 ).

It is the question of who can embark on the NI scheme which has been the genesis of many of the rumours doing the rounds today. So here we go...anyone can sign up and attend the Phase1 Induction ( Basic ) course. ANYONE ! Ok, so that puts one myth to bed - your granny, the cook, the guy behind the bar...anyone can sign up and arrive at their nearest DP training centre to start the course and go through the 5 days in the classroom.
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Next up is the first of the seagoing phases. Now, this is of course where those with no maritime knowledge or qualifications will most likely come unstuck. The prerequisite here is naturally a vessel with a classed DP system, and the trainee needs a berth on it. Now for those who have been sent to the DP course by an employer and are guaranteed a place onboard, then this is fine. For others it can be the start of the problems.

For those who have funded themselves, even for experienced mariners, it can be very hard ( read, next to impossible ) to get the necessary 30 days sea-time. There are many seafarers out in the market today, all desperate to qualify as DPO, but they can't get past this hurdle. There is currently no formal system of placing them, they may well have invested their own money to begin their training, but progress thereafter is effectively blocked.

We at the International DP Operators Association ( IDPOA ) are working to bridge the gap between these DP trainees and the owners / operators that may be able to provide the "Phase2" 30 days sea-time. Our "Berthing Pool" project is in its infancy, but in partnership and with the close assistance of the Nautical Institute's DP Training Executive Group ( DP-TEG ), we are pursuing an online database of trainees and available positions. This scheme should ensure that trainees get a place onboard, and that ultimately we are able to provide the future supply of talent that the DP sector needs.

With the current downturn, and the fact that planning is perhaps not shipping's strongest suit, we are regrettably facing some indifference and apathy from shipowners. However, we are currently in talks with stakeholders to make progress and roll out a system capable of mitigating this perceived weakness in the DP certification system. See www.dpoperatots.org/ for progress on this and other professional DP projects.

So if experienced, qualified, driven, seafarers who have decided to invest in their own career are struggling to get sea-time - what do you think that means for the people off the street who thought it sounded like a good number? Exactly, they are really going to struggle at this point. Most likely, after reams of letters, hundreds of printed resumes and pleading emails they are probably going to return to their old career path and give up on the DP dream.

For those ( mariners or not ), who get the sea-time, then fine - they do 30 days and then head off to college once for more the Simulator ( Advanced ) course - before the need for yet more sea-time ( 6 months this time ), and a signature from the Master stating their suitability for the role as DPO.

For those employed and sponsored by a company through the NI DPO certification scheme, then all is fairly standard and barring any glaring errors in the logbook ( and many people do make errors ), then the certificate will eventually be despatched.

If, however, it is something being pursued by an individual out of a desire to progress or to switch career, then it really is not for the fainthearted. As more mariners emerge from colleges all over the world, then the likelihood of success for non-seafarers is narrowing constantly. To the point where the rumours will abate and those with the knowledge and skill to actually get the job done can progress up the chain.

That would be a very neat end to the story, were it not for the fact that the NI DPO Certificate is not a mandatory requirement. So there are jobs working on DP, which do not actually require the operative to hold a DP certificate.

The Future

Perhaps this is where we will see the IT geeks excel ? The problems with most myths is that there is almost always some distant link to truth - and there are some sectors of the DP world in which those who do not possess deck officer certificates of competency ( CoC ) have indeed been dropped into the hot-seat, and have worked the DP desk, many of them to good effect.

The practice was prevalent in the Gulf of Mexico, more especially on MODU's. These situations have launched a thousand false hopes and fears. In some countries, the grapevine is so strong that the thought of cooks working as DPO's and earning more than traditional master mariners has caused genuine uproar.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the moves to place DP training into The Standards of Training, Certification & Watchkeeping ( STCW ) Convention were prompted by the paranoia that senior seafarers could be "out earned" by those new to the industry. India had initially tried to get DP training and certification into Part A of the convention, which would have made it mandatory. In the end, however, they had to settle for a place in Part B, the recommended guidance to assist parties and those involved in implementing, applying or enforcing STCW Convention.

Slowly we can see that the issue of DP is moving not just into the mainstream consciousness, but will soon be taking centre stage as more ( and more types of ) vessels are equipped with DP. Add to this, the fact that oil majors are demanding ever more of their suppliers, then the requirement to have a qualified ( and by that we mean NI DPO certificate holder ) DPO at the desk is increasingly commonplace. The wriggle room is closing, and while in the past the DPO position was seen as somehow remote and outside the shipboard status quo, slowly the role is being subsumed into the normal onboard roles and responsibilities - and ship owners naturally want their personnel to provide them with the best value for money, or return on investment - as such, qualified Deck officers in possession of both a valid CoC AND the NI DPO certificate are increasingly both the norm and the baseline standard.
DPO at work onboard

While we've perhaps covered the issue of "non-mariners" where does this leave the professionals such as marine engineers and electrotechs ? Can they qualify, and will they gain employment as DPO ?

As we have seen, yes they can sign up on the course, but a major issue affecting the use of deck versus engine, and whether they would ever be employed as DPO, is the antecedents of the operation itself. For my part I trained in cable laying. We had to know what the ship was doing to enable us to lay, recover, or hold onto cable. On the old ships we did this by frantically adjusting the engines or thrusters manually to try and get the desired effect.

In short you had to know how to handle ships and know what was required of the vessel - this ran through everything we did as junior deck officers. On the new cable ships DP slowly began to emerge in the mid - nineties ... but in that environment you still had to understand the "seamanship" behind the operation. Laying cables under the sea was/is a traditionally maritime pursuit, and one which benefits from marine knowledge on the bridge and deck, with engineering and electronic expertise ensuring the buttons do what they should.

DP has given some industries the opportunity to move from land to sea - in these areas, those such as drilling - there are very different attitudes and approach - so expertise is recognised, valued, used and rewarded differently.

Some of the most knowledgeable DP people are those that understand how the systems work - but are these then best placed to be sitting at the desk ? Or do we need to create a parallel qualification for engineers, and electrotechs ? Not simply manufacturer specific training, as we see today - but a general certificate which rewards and recognizes their expertise at keeping the DP system working to its maximum ability ? IDPOA has been contacted by a number of such specialist engineers, and we have embraced them into our membership - the link between systems, people and end results are important - and it's vital therefore to have all the players on the same team.

Eventually the issue of who can become a DPO will fizzle out. With the demands of customers, the reality of the jobs market and an influx of skilled labour, the opportunities on the DP desk for those without marine experience will dwindle. The irony therefore of whether the geeks shall inherit the sea, as well as the world, is that with new systems emerging and as the equipment levels onboard become ever more sophisticated and integrated - the navigators of tomorrow will have to be IT experts. The future for those who have maritime and computer skills, is all but assured ... but only for those who possess both.

Steven Jones - Executive Director
The International Dynamic Positioning Operators Association IDPOA

© Steven Jones
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